POS Subtype Categories

151 subtypes across 5 parts of speech, covering 10224 words

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Noun Subtypes 78 Verb Subtypes 21 Adjective Subtypes 31 Adverb Subtypes 19 Numeral Subtypes 2

Noun Subtypes

78 subtypes, 7161 words
People and Living Things
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N01 Human People and human roles not covered by a narrower subtype (person, adult, baby, friend, expert) 173 / 173
N33 Nationality A person of a nationality or origin (American, Lithuanian, Finn, Englishman, Pole) 235 / 235
N35 Family Relation Family members (brother, uncle, cousin, parent) 60 / 60
N36 Occupation Jobs and professions a person is employed in (teacher, doctor, accountant, referee, telephone lineman) 153 / 153
N63 Participant Role A slot a person fills inside a game, team, performance or event, not a job they are employed in (goalkeeper, second baseman, football lineman, captain, best man) 87 / 87
N02 Animal Animals (dog, bird, fish, bee, wolf) 149 / 149
N03 Body Part Parts of a human or animal body, and the fluids it makes (arm, eye, heart, muscle, bone, blood)
Part of: Human, Animal
123 / 123
N04 Disease Condition Illnesses, injuries and medical conditions (cancer, fever, allergy, infection, broken bone) 37 / 37
N05 Plant Whole plants (rose, oak, bush, moss, weed) 50 / 50
N38 Plant Part Parts of plants (leaf, root, seed, petal, bark)
Part of: Plant
35 / 35
N48 Honorific Titles and forms of address (Sir, Lord, Mr., Mrs., Dr.) 18 / 18
N78 Spiritual Being Gods and spirits, by kind or by name, whatever form they appear in (god, goddess, angel, demon, ghost, Zeus) 4 / 4
N79 Mythical Creature The animals and peoples of legend, myth and folklore (dragon, unicorn, dwarf, fairy, vampire, mermaid) 4 / 4
Food and Consumables
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N06 Food Things eaten, and the ingredients, seasonings, sauces and liquids used in cooking or at the table; anything edible that isn't drunk (bread, apple, meat, flour, paprika, soy sauce, broth) 215 / 215
N42 Beverage Drinks: liquids consumed by drinking them (water, coffee, tea, juice) 36 / 36
Places and Geography
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N07 Building Structure Buildings and built structures (house, hospital, fire station, library, stadium) 120 / 120
N11 Natural Feature Kinds of landform, body of water and natural area, and natural phenomena such as weather (river, island, cloud, beach, volcano) 81 / 81
N13 Path Infrastructure Ways through a place and the infrastructure of routes (road, bridge, sidewalk, intersection, bus stop) 39 / 39
N30 Place Name An area of land laid out or kept for a use: parks, gardens, yards, farms and playing areas (park, garden, farm, zoo, airport, tennis court) 57 / 57
N47 Building Part Parts of buildings, including rooms (door, window, wall, stairs, room, kitchen, classroom)
Part of: Building Structure
59 / 59
N56 Geographic Place Kinds of area defined by people: settlements, parts of a town, political and administrative divisions, and general words for an area (village, suburb, district, province, area) 60 / 60
N65 Spatial Division A part of a space or surface named by its position, a direction, or a rule or convention: a compass direction or the part of a region lying in it, a side or part of a thing, or a line, row, cell or zone (north, northeast, top, border, equator, goal line) 76 / 76
Everyday Objects
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N08 Small Movable Object Portable physical objects with no narrower subtype (book, key, bag, box, candle) 199 / 199
N12 Tool Implements held in the hand and used on a material or object to do a job such as cutting, fastening, digging, measuring or shaping, and fastening hardware; not the things people write or draw with (hammer, saw, screwdriver, shovel, nail) 96 / 96
N70 Sports Game Equipment Equipment and pieces used to play a sport or game: balls, bats, rackets, sticks, apparatus, goals, boards, pieces, cards, tiles and dice (ball, tennis racket, puck, pawn, domino) 29 / 29
N71 Kitchenware Unpowered things for preparing, cooking, serving or eating food: cookware, utensils and tableware (frying pan, spatula, plate, fork, cutting board) 21 / 21
N09 Clothing Accessory Clothing and things worn (shirt, shoe, hat, glove, ring) 64 / 64
N10 Artwork Artifact Physical objects made as art or for cultural use: artworks, crafts and musical instruments (statue, painting, pottery, violin, drum) 97 / 97
N39 Furniture Furniture items (table, chair, desk, sofa, bed) 23 / 23
N40 Vehicle Transportation (car, truck, bicycle, boat, airplane) 55 / 55
N43 Appliance Kitchen and household appliances (blender, microwave, toaster) 27 / 27
N44 Weapon Weapons and arms (sword, gun, bow, shield) 27 / 27
N57 Electronic Device Devices that run on electricity to compute, communicate or record (computer, telephone, television, radio, camera) 63 / 63
N72 Machine Part A component of a machine, vehicle or device, named for its job in it (engine, gear, brake, steering wheel, button)
Part of: Vehicle, Electronic Device, Appliance
33 / 33
N75 Means Of Payment Money and the things used to pay with it: currencies by kind or by name, cash, coins and banknotes, and the cards and cheques that draw on money held elsewhere (money, cash, coin, credit card, Japanese yen) 9 / 9
Materials and Substances
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N14 Material Substance Materials and stuff things are made of (wood, metal, glass, oil, brick) 122 / 122
N15 Chemical Compound Chemical elements and compounds (oxygen, lithium, carbon dioxide) 171 / 171
N16 Medication Remedy Medicines and treatments (aspirin, vaccine, antibiotic, ointment, painkiller) 772 / 772
Abstract Concepts and Ideas
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N17 Concept Idea General abstractions with no narrower subtype (fact, effect, type, case, way) 236 / 236
N19 Quality Attribute A named property something has, treated as a thing (importance, efficiency, durability, reputation, hardness) 79 / 79
N20 Mental Construct Products of thought: ideas held, formed or believed (idea, belief, theory, decision, doubt) 69 / 69
N22 Quantitative Concept Amounts, measures and magnitudes as concepts (number, distance, size, level, half) 121 / 121
N23 Emotion Feeling Emotions and felt states (fear, joy, anger, pride, shame) 54 / 54
N37 Shape Geometric shapes (circle, triangle, square, rectangle, etc.) 32 / 32
N52 Technology Digital Digital/computing concepts (internet, email, website, data) 75 / 75
N54 Abstract Condition Abstract conditions, situations (peace, danger, luck, fate) 137 / 137
N55 Social Institution Organizations, collective structures (government, army, company) 105 / 105
N69 Creative Work A kind of work of literature, music, film, broadcasting or performance, or a genre of one, as distinct from a physical object (novel, sonnet, symphony, opera, comedy) 32 / 32
N76 Financial Ledger Entry Money as it would appear in someone's accounts: what they hold or owe, earn or pay - holdings, debts and loans, income, taxes, fees and fines (stock, mortgage, pension, income, income tax, fine) 38 / 38
Language and Communication
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N18 Symbolic Element Symbols, marks and notational elements (digit, numeral, graph, motif, license plate) 59 / 59
N50 Communication Information Language, messages, information (word, language, message, news) 233 / 233
N67 Linguistic Concept Technical terms for the units, categories and features of language: word classes, grammatical categories, sound classes, word parts, relations between words, and language varieties (noun, tense, morpheme, suffix, dialect) 56 / 56
N73 Language Name Proper names of languages (English, Lithuanian, Chinese, Swahili) 144 / 144
Fields of Study
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N21 Knowledge Domain Broad fields of study and bodies of knowledge (biology, history, philosophy, mathematics, machine learning) 121 / 121
N66 Mathematical Concept Constructs and terms of mathematics: equations, functions, operations, theorems and the objects they act on (equation, polynomial, sine, theorem, matrix) 43 / 43
Events, Activities and Time
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N24 Process Event Things that happen or unfold over time (war, flight, development, process, attempt) 342 / 342
N60 Rule Defined Event A move, outcome, state or violation that the rules of a game or procedure themselves define and name (checkmate, castling, strikeout, offside, quorum) 250 / 250
N25 Time Period Spans and points of time (year, hour, century, night, autumn) 72 / 72
N32 Temporal Name Named days of the week, months and holidays (Monday, January, Christmas, New Year) 23 / 23
N41 Activity Activities and hobbies (reading, cooking, sports, dancing, hiking) 254 / 254
N61 Performance Technique A named way of carrying out an action, defined by its form, such as a kind of stroke, shot, kick or stitch (layup, volley, topspin, uppercut, backstitch) 106 / 106
N62 Strategic Tactic A named move, play or plan defined by what it is meant to achieve, not by any rules (fork, gambit, pick and roll, bluff, pincer movement) 24 / 24
Groups and Collections
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N26 Group People Organized or recognizable groups of people (team, audience, orchestra, clan, working class) 62 / 62
N27 Animal Grouping Term Measure words for animals (flock, herd, head) 10 / 10
N28 Collection Things Sets and aggregations of things (collection, equipment, goods, edition, first aid kit) 70 / 70
Named Entities
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N31 Organization Name Named organizations and companies (Coca-Cola, agency, small business) 4 / 5
N45 Region Proper names of countries, states, provinces, continents, and named cultural or historical regions (Italy, California, Europe, Scandinavia) 263 / 263
N46 City Proper names of cities and towns (Vilnius, Paris, Tokyo) 46 / 46
N68 Named Geographic Feature Proper names of landforms and bodies of water: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, mountains and ranges, deserts and islands (Atlantic Ocean, Nile, Alps, Sahara, Baltic Sea) 10 / 10
Other Categories
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N34 Unit Of Measurement Units things are measured in (meter, kilogram, liter, degree, mile) 24 / 24
N99 Other Other nouns 0 / 0
Nature and the Physical World
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
N64 Celestial Object Anything in the sky beyond the atmosphere, as a kind or by name, including constellations (star, planet, comet, galaxy, Mars, Orion) 101 / 101
N74 Natural Object A thing formed by nature or built by an animal, too small to be a feature on a map (nest, spider web, fossil, pebble, acorn) 9 / 9
N77 Microscopic Entity Anything too small to see, alive or not (bacteria, virus, atom, electron, chromosome) 14 / 14
N80 Physical Phenomenon A force, a form of energy, or what light, heat and sound do, as something that happens in the physical world (gravity, electricity, sound, fire, shadow) 37 / 37

Verb Subtypes

21 subtypes, 1058 words
Physical Actions
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V01 Physical Action Physical actions (push, pull, lift, eat, drink) 269 / 269
V02 Creation Action Creating things (make, create, build) 70 / 70
V03 Destruction Action Destroying (break, destroy, demolish) 20 / 20
V16 Bodily Function What a body does to keep itself going or does on its own, and the body visibly showing a feeling (sleep, breathe, cough, sweat, yawn, cry) 2 / 2
Mental and Emotional
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V04 Mental State Cognition (know, believe, understand, think) 89 / 89
V05 Emotional State Feelings (love, hate, fear, enjoy) 42 / 42
V10 Perception Sensory verbs (see, hear, smell, taste, feel, touch) 26 / 26
Communication and Possession
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V06 Possession Having/owning (have, own, possess, give, take) 65 / 65
V09 Communication Speaking and writing (say, tell, speak, write, read) 168 / 168
Existence and Change
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V07 Development Growing/evolving (grow, develop, evolve, mature) 26 / 26
V08 Change Transforming (become, transform, change, turn) 80 / 80
V11 Existence Living/existing (live, exist, die, survive, stay, remain) 26 / 26
V17 Natural Process Something weather, water, air, light or matter does by itself, with no one acting, including a substance changing state (rain, snow, freeze, melt, flow, shine) 1 / 1
V18 Stative Relation A fixed relation between two things, or between a thing and an amount, in which neither is doing anything (contain, include, cost, depend, resemble, belong) 32 / 32
V19 Aspectual A verb about the course of another action rather than an action of its own: where it begins, continues or ends, or whether it is attempted and how it turns out (begin, start, finish, stop, continue, try, fail) 3 / 3
Movement
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V12 Directional Movement Moving with direction (go, come, enter, leave) 61 / 61
V13 Manner Movement Way of moving (walk, run, swim, fly, crawl) 12 / 12
Rule-Defined Actions
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V14 Rule Defined Action Actions or concessions defined by the rules of a game or procedure (castle, fold, call, forfeit, resign) 45 / 45
Grammatical
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V15 Auxiliary A verb whose main job is grammatical: the copula linking a subject to what it is, or a modal of ability that takes another verb. A verb that is only a helper in English tense or question forms keeps its ordinary subtype (be, can) 0 / 0
Social
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V20 Social Interaction Doing something with or to another person as a social act, other than by speaking (meet, greet, help, hug, fight, forgive) 21 / 21
Other
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
V99 Other Other verbs 0 / 0

Adjective Subtypes

31 subtypes, 1683 words
Physical Properties
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A01 Size Size descriptions (big, small, huge, tiny) 24 / 24
A02 Color Color descriptions (red, blue, green, yellow) 13 / 13
A03 Shape Shape descriptions (round, square, triangular, oval) 26 / 26
A04 Pattern Texture Surface patterns and textures (striped, spotted, smooth, rough, silky, ribbed) 23 / 23
A18 Physical Property Physical properties and states (dimensions, weight, temperature, condition: high, low, heavy, light, cold, hot, wet, dry, open, closed) 149 / 149
A29 Sensory Quality How a thing tastes, smells or sounds to someone perceiving it (sweet, sour, salty, fragrant, smelly, loud) 2 / 2
Evaluative
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A05 Quality Evaluative and abstract properties (good, bad, excellent, nice, terrible, useful) 271 / 271
A06 Aesthetic Beauty or appearance (beautiful, ugly, pretty, handsome) 41 / 41
A07 Importance Importance or priority (important, essential, trivial, critical) 16 / 16
A31 Assessment A judgment on a claim or a task rather than on a thing's merit: whether the claim holds and how sure one can be of it, or whether the task can be done, must be done, and how much effort it takes (true, correct, likely, possible, necessary, easy) 7 / 7
Origin and Material
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A08 Origin Origin or source (American, Chinese, domestic, foreign) 264 / 264
A09 Purpose Purpose or function (educational, medical, industrial, recreational) 65 / 65
A10 Material Material composition (wooden, metal, plastic, cotton) 8 / 8
A20 Location Where a thing is situated (northern, coastal, inland, urban, rural) 73 / 73
Quantity and Time
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A12 Indefinite Quantity Inexact amounts (many, few, some, several) 14 / 14
A13 Duration Time duration (brief, long, eternal, temporary) 44 / 44
A14 Frequency Frequency of occurrence (daily, occasional, rare, frequent) 5 / 5
A15 Sequence Order or sequence (first, last, next, previous) 24 / 24
A25 Temporal Status Standing in time rather than duration (archaic, posthumous, retroactive, extant, obsolete) 65 / 65
Personal and Emotional
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A16 Personal Quality Character/personality traits (honest, kind, brave, lazy, clever, polite) 49 / 49
A17 Condition Physical/temporal state (hot, cold, wet, dry, clean, dirty, new, old, fresh) 57 / 57
A19 Emotion Emotional states (happy, sad, angry, excited, tired, scared) 43 / 43
A30 Bodily State The state a person's or animal's body is in, as they feel it or as it affects them, rather than a mood or a lasting trait (hungry, thirsty, tired, sick, sore, asleep) 1 / 1
Technical and Domain
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A21 Spatial Orientation Anatomical or geometric position and direction (dorsal, ventral, apical, lateral, orthogonal, diagonal) 46 / 46
A22 Chemical Physical Chemical composition or physical behavior (radioactive, ionic, covalent, alkaline, magnetic, igneous) 34 / 34
A23 Biological Type Taxonomic or life-process classification (carnivorous, parasitic, perennial, larval, arboreal, venomous) 81 / 81
A24 Belief Cultural Religious, philosophical or cultural tradition (liturgical, monastic, monotheistic, rabbinic, mystical) 74 / 74
A26 Mathematical Mathematical structure or property (quadratic, exponential, commutative, countable, orthogonal) 62 / 62
A28 Linguistic Technical classification of language: a grammatical category, case, number or word class, or the kind of speech sound (plural, dative, transitive, verbal, plosive, nasal) 21 / 21
Other
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
A99 Other Other adjectives 0 / 0

Adverb Subtypes

19 subtypes, 199 words
Manner
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
D01 Style Manner or style of action (quickly, carefully, well, slowly, badly, easily) 59 / 59
D02 Attitude Attitude or approach (eagerly, reluctantly, willingly, gladly, sadly) 0 / 0
Temporal
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
D03 Specific Time Specific time references (now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight) 7 / 7
D04 Relative Time Relative time references (already, soon, recently, lately, previously) 25 / 25
D05 Duration Duration of time (briefly, temporarily, permanently, forever, momentarily) 9 / 9
D12 Definite Frequency An exact frequency: how many times something happens, whether it happens one more time, or the fixed interval at which it recurs (once, twice, again, daily, weekly, monthly) 2 / 2
D13 Indefinite Frequency Inexact frequency (often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, always, never) 2 / 2
Spatial
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
D06 Direction Directional movement (up, down, forward, backward, left, right, north) 10 / 10
D07 Location Position or place (here, there, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, inside, outside) 49 / 49
D08 Distance Distance references (nearby, far, close, away, afar) 0 / 0
Degree
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
D09 Intensity Intensity or degree (very, extremely, slightly, quite, rather, too, enough) 17 / 17
D10 Completeness Degree of completeness (entirely, partly, completely, fully, partially, halfway) 5 / 5
D11 Approximation Approximation (almost, nearly, exactly, approximately, precisely, roughly) 1 / 1
Sentence and Discourse
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
D14 Negation Turns a statement, or one word in it, into its negative (not) 0 / 0
D15 Epistemic How sure the speaker is that a statement is true, or whether it is in fact the case (probably, perhaps, certainly, apparently, actually) 0 / 0
D16 Connective Links a sentence or clause to what came before, marking contrast, result, addition or an alternative (however, therefore, thus, otherwise, moreover) 1 / 1
D17 Focus Singles out one word or phrase in a sentence: as the only one, as an unexpected one, as one in addition, or as the most relevant one (only, just, even, also, especially, merely) 3 / 3
D18 Viewpoint Limits a statement to one field or point of view, meaning 'in terms of' or 'as far as that is concerned' (politically, geographically, technically, legally) 2 / 2
Other
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
D99 Other Other adverbs 0 / 0

Numeral Subtypes

2 subtypes, 123 words
Numerals
GUID Prefix Subtype Description Words
Z01 Cardinal Cardinal numbers (one, two, three, 100) 103 / 103
Z02 Ordinal Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, 100th) 20 / 20
About the GUID System

Each lemma in the database is assigned a GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) based on its part-of-speech subtype. The GUID format is: 

<PREFIX>_<NUMBER>

For example:

  • N02_001 - First animal noun (N02 = animal)
  • V01_042 - 42nd physical action verb (V01 = physical_action)
  • A02_007 - 7th color adjective (A02 = color)

The prefix letters indicate the POS type: N = Noun, V = Verb, A = Adjective, D = Adverb, Z = Numeral