Browse Lemmas

Lemmas found: 54

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A search operation performed by police or another authority to find concealed items or evidence.

Noun legal_concept Level 460
euthanasia

The act of deliberately ending a person's life, usually to relieve severe and incurable suffering.

Noun legal_concept Level 1060
cease-fire

An agreement or order to stop fighting, usually temporarily or for a specified period.

Noun legal_concept Level 1120
cross-examination

The questioning of a witness by the opposing lawyer or party after the witness has given evidence, intended to test or challenge that evidence.

Noun legal_concept Level 1120
self-defense

The legal justification for using force to protect oneself or another person from an imminent unlawful attack.

Noun legal_concept Level 1120
self-determination

The right or ability of a person, group, or nation to make its own choices and govern itself without outside control.

Noun legal_concept Level 1120
self-rule

The right or ability of a people, region, or political community to govern itself without external control.

Noun legal_concept Level 1120
actus reus

the physical act a crime requires

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
adverse possession

acquiring title by occupying land openly for long enough

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
beyond a reasonable doubt

the standard of proof required to convict

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
caveat emptor

the rule that a buyer bears the risk of a purchase

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
clear and convincing evidence

an intermediate standard of proof, above the civil one

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
collateral estoppel

the bar on relitigating an issue already decided

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
corpus delicti

proof that the crime charged actually occurred

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
covenant

a binding promise in a deed or contract

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
double jeopardy

the bar on trying someone twice for the same offense

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
due process

the fair procedure the state owes before depriving anyone of rights

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
easement

a right to use another's land for a purpose

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
eminent domain

the state's power to take private property for public use

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
equal protection

the guarantee that law applies alike to those alike situated

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
equitable tolling

the pausing of a limitations period for fairness

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
estoppel

a bar preventing someone contradicting an earlier position

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
exclusionary rule

the rule barring illegally obtained evidence from trial

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
fee simple

absolute and inheritable ownership of land

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
felony murder

a killing during a felony, charged as murder without intent

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
forum non conveniens

the power to decline a case better heard elsewhere

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
fruit of the poisonous tree

evidence tainted by the illegal search that produced it

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
joint tenancy

co-ownership where a survivor takes the whole

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
laches

the loss of a claim through unreasonable delay in bringing it

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
life estate

an interest in property lasting for a lifetime

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
lis pendens

notice that litigation affecting a property is pending

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
mens rea

the guilty state of mind a crime requires

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
plea bargain

an agreed plea in exchange for a reduced charge or sentence

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
political question

an issue the courts leave to the political branches

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
preponderance of the evidence

the civil standard of proof: more likely than not

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
prima facie case

a showing sufficient to proceed unless rebutted

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
probable cause

the reasonable ground required for a search or arrest

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
promissory estoppel

enforcement of a promise relied on to the promisee's detriment

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
qualified immunity

an official's protection from suit for acts not clearly unlawful

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
quantum meruit

recovery of the reasonable value of services rendered

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
quid pro quo

something given in return for something

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
ratio decidendi

the reasoning essential to a decision, which binds later courts

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
reasonable suspicion

the lower ground justifying a brief investigative stop

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
res ipsa loquitur

the inference of negligence from an accident that speaks for itself

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
res judicata

the bar on relitigating a claim already finally decided

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
respondeat superior

an employer's liability for acts of its employees

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
servitude

a burden on land for the benefit of another's land

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
sovereign immunity

the state's protection from being sued without consent

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
statute of limitations

the deadline after which a claim can no longer be brought

Noun legal_concept Level 1130
strict scrutiny

the most demanding standard of constitutional review

Noun legal_concept Level 1130